Alopecia, or hair loss, is a common condition that can be caused by a number of factors. Hair loss may be a natural process, such as androgenetic (male pattern) baldness, a side effect of medication or a sign of an underlying health condition. It can result in total baldness, patchy bald spots or thinning of the hair, and may be confined to the scalp or affect other areas of the body. This problem exists in both males and females, and may be genetic in some cases.